Google and the NSA are said to be hammering out an agreement to allow NSA experts to assist in the investigation of the cyber attack, according to The Washington Post. The negotiation aims to define the ways in which Google can share relevant network security information without violating privacy laws or Google policies.

Google declined to comment.

While Google's involvement with the NSA is sure to raise privacy questions, in part due to the NSA's controversial involvement with warrantless surveillance inside the U.S., security experts dismiss such concerns.

Fears that the Google will hand its servers over to the NSA are "completely unrealistic," stresses Alan Paller, director of research at the SANS Institute. The NSA is an effective partner for the private sector companies because it has the highest level of in-house cyber-security expertise, he says. Other agencies tend to rely more on outside contractors, raising the risk of disclosure of corporate secrets.

The NSA, said Paller, "is very good at keeping secrets."

The NSA did not respond to a request for comment.

The NSA may be best known for its Signals Intelligence mission, to gather foreign signal intelligence, but it also pursues an Information Assurance mission, to keep U.S. networks -- both government and private sector -- secure.

On Tuesday, Dennis C. Blair, Director of National Intelligence told the Senate Intelligence Committee that U.S. critical infrastructure is "severely threatened" by cyber attacks and called the cyber attack on Google "a wake-up call to those who have not taken this problem seriously."

Blair called for cooperation between the government and private sector to mitigate security risks. He said he wanted "to stress that, acting independently, neither the U.S. Government nor the private sector can fully control or protect the country's information infrastructure."

Blair also called for cybersecurity funding, and it appears that legislators have responded: The U.S. House of Representatives just passed the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2009 (HR 4061), which authorizes the National Science Foundation to provide up to $396 million in cybersecurity research grants over the next four years and $94 million in scholarships.