McALLEN, Texas -- A new map showing President Bush's planned border fence has riled Rio Grande Valley officials, who say the proposed barrier reneges on assurances that the river would remain accessible to farmers, wildlife and recreation.
City officials in the heavily populated valley had anticipated a "virtual" fence of surveillance cameras and border patrols.
Instead, a Customs and Border Protection map depicts a structure running piecemeal along a 600-mile stretch of Texas from Presidio to Brownsville, a border region where daily life is binational.
"We were given the impression that they were not going to be building walls, that there would be more cameras, surveillance, boots on the ground," said Mike Allen, head of McAllen Economic Development Corp.
"This is going to seriously affect the farmers," he said. "They will not have access to water. It's just going to create bedlam."
The map, obtained by The Associated Press, was attached to a memo addressed to "Dear Texas Homeland Security Partner." It outlines a plan to build 370 miles of fence and 200 miles of vehicle barriers, such as concrete barriers, by the end of 2008.
Of the 370 miles of fence, Texas is to have 153, Arizona 129, California 76, and New Mexico 12. Most of the vehicle barriers will be in Arizona and New Mexico.
Russ Knocke, a spokesman for Homeland Security Secretary Michael Chertoff, said that the so-called virtual fence won't work in urban areas and that the federal government has delivered a consistent message to local officials.
"We are utilizing traditional fencing at the border generally in those areas including metropolitan areas where it is easier for an alien ... to conceal themselves in a home or a business," he said.
Agents would use technology including sensors, radar and aerial drones in remote border areas, Knocke said.
Environmentalists fear the fence will block Rio Grande water access to endangered cats such as ocelots and jaguarundi and ruin key feeding and resting areas for migratory birds.
Environmental assessments are being conducted, but border security outweighs such concerns, Knocke said.
"For more than two decades this has been a problem that has been bubbling up," he said. "There's an expectation by the American people that we secure our borders."
Chertoff has already waived requirements to get permits in environmentally sensitive areas in order to expedite construction, Knocke said.
Hidalgo County Judge J.D. Salinas said the fence would damage the regional economy, which thrives on cross-border commerce.
Mexicans cross daily to make bank deposits, buy real estate, shop and work - activities Salinas said would be threatened by the ill feelings generated in Mexico by the fence.
"Irrigation, that's one concern," Salinas said. "The other is the indirect message you're sending to you neighbor to the south."
President Bush called for 700 miles of fence during his national address last May on immigration reform, and Congress approved it. Of the $1.2 billion Congress approved, at least $400 million has been released.
The new Democratic majority in Congress could modify the law or withhold funding, Texas Congressman Henry Cuellar said.
"It's going to be difficult, but we're sure going to do everything we can," he said.
Texas' senators, both Republicans, said they expected federal officials to heed local concerns.
"I would be very concerned if they are not being listened to," said Sen. Kay Bailey Hutchison. "We should have local input, and private property rights should be taken into account."
Sen. John Cornyn said he would "insist that local officials, property owners and stakeholders have a voice in how we ultimately secure the border."
Cornyn said he and Hutchison had tried to require local input in legislation authorizing the fence but failed.
McAllen Mayor Richard Cortez doubts a fence would be effective. He said he has seen people forming human ladders and jumping off international bridges into the United States in full daylight and within view of agents.
"No physical wall is going to keep people from coming in," he said. "The core of the problem is an economic issue. We have integrated all of the markets in North America, but we have failed to integrate the labor market. It's the market forces that are bringing people here to work."
Officials said Chertoff had assured them they would be consulted before any fence went up.
"We met with Secretary Chertoff and we were given a commitment that he would talk to the locals before building a wall, so we're surprised that this is happening," Salinas said. "We feel there is already a structure there, which is the Rio Grande river."
